{"id":9417,"date":"2024-02-29T17:43:46","date_gmt":"2024-02-29T16:43:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/enfantsdumonde.be\/test\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/?p=9417"},"modified":"2026-02-22T17:32:01","modified_gmt":"2026-02-22T16:32:01","slug":"education-inde","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/enfantsdumonde.be\/test\/education-inde\/","title":{"rendered":"L’\u00e9ducation en Inde"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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L\u2019\u00e9ducation en Inde joue un grand r\u00f4le dans le d\u00e9veloppement social et \u00e9conomique du pays, avec un syst\u00e8me d\u2019enseignement primaire et secondaire qui a d\u00fb relever de gros d\u00e9fis, notamment en mati\u00e8re d\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 et de qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9ducation, mais qui a connu de belles avanc\u00e9es au fil des ann\u00e9es.
L\u2019Inde a mis en place un syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif ax\u00e9 sur l\u2019enseignement primaire (de la classe 1 \u00e0 la classe 5) et l\u2019enseignement secondaire (de la classe 6 \u00e0 la classe 12). Malgr\u00e9 les initiatives gouvernementales visant \u00e0 promouvoir l\u2019\u00e9ducation primaire gratuite et obligatoire, certaines r\u00e9gions rurales et d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es rencontrent des difficult\u00e9s d\u2019acc\u00e8s par manque d\u2019infrastructures. Des efforts sont faits pour am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9ducation en introduisant de nouvelles m\u00e9thodes p\u00e9dagogiques et en formant les enseignants, mais les disparit\u00e9s sont toujours l\u00e0 car les \u00e9coles urbaines sont mieux \u00e9quip\u00e9es que celles des zones rurales.<\/p>

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Les Gurukuls<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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L\u2019origine de l\u2019enseignement en Inde remonte \u00e0 l\u2019ancien syst\u00e8me des Gurukuls, des \u00e9coles traditionnelles o\u00f9 les \u00e9l\u00e8ves vivaient avec leurs ma\u00eetres, les \u00ab gourous \u00bb, et recevaient une \u00e9ducation globale.
Au fil du temps, ce mod\u00e8le a \u00e9volu\u00e9 pour inclure des institutions d\u2019enseignement formelles. L\u2019\u00e9ducation en Inde s\u2019axait autour de centres d\u2019apprentissage et en encourageait les arts, la science et la philosophie.<\/p>

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Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Le syst\u00e8me anglais<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Wkikmedai Commons<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Au d\u00e9but du 19e si\u00e8cle, les Britanniques ont introduit un syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif bas\u00e9 sur le mod\u00e8le occidental, en mettant en place des \u00e9coles et des coll\u00e8ges qui suivaient le mod\u00e8le britannique. Cela a marqu\u00e9 un gros changement par rapport au syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif traditionnel indien. La Loi de 1835 sur l\u2019\u00c9ducation (loi Macaulay) a \u00e9t\u00e9 un jalon dans l\u2019enseignement en Inde. Lord Thomas Macaulay<\/strong>, son initiateur, a pr\u00e9conis\u00e9 l\u2019utilisation de l\u2019anglais<\/strong> comme langue d\u2019enseignement pour \u00e9duquer une classe d\u2019\u00e9lites indig\u00e8nes anglicis\u00e9es. Cela a eu un impact significatif sur l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur en Inde. \u00c9litiste, le syst\u00e8me a souvent laiss\u00e9 de c\u00f4t\u00e9 une grande partie de la population. Son but\u00a0? Former une classe d\u2019interm\u00e9diaires qui pouvaient assister les Britanniques dans l\u2019administration.<\/p>

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Des universit\u00e9s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Les Anglais ont \u00e9galement encourag\u00e9 le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019enseignement sup\u00e9rieur en cr\u00e9ant des universit\u00e9s telles que les universit\u00e9s de Calcutta, de Bombay et de Madras (en 1857). L\u2019utilisation de l\u2019anglais comme langue d\u2019enseignement a eu un impact durable, avantageant les Indiens anglophones dans les domaines de l\u2019administration, du commerce et des professions.<\/p>

Les langues et traditions \u00e9ducatives locales ont \u00e9t\u00e9 n\u00e9glig\u00e9es, mais cette p\u00e9riode a jet\u00e9 les bases du syst\u00e8me \u00e9ducatif complexe qui existe encore aujourd\u2019hui en Inde.<\/p>

Malgr\u00e9 de belles avanc\u00e9es, les filles en Inde doivent toujours faire face \u00e0 des obstacles dans l\u2019\u00e9ducation. Les normes sociales, les mariages pr\u00e9coces et les pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s entravent leur acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole, en particulier dans les r\u00e9gions rurales.<\/p>

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Le gouvernement indien et diverses organisations s\u2019efforcent de promouvoir l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 des sexes<\/strong> dans l\u2019\u00e9ducation. Des programmes tels que \u00ab\u00a0Beti Bachao, Beti Padha<\/strong>o\u00a0\u00bb (sauver les filles, \u00e9duquer les filles) visent \u00e0 sensibiliser et \u00e0 renforcer l\u2019acc\u00e8s des filles \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cole.<\/p>

Fran\u00e7oise Minor<\/p>

\u00a0<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019\u00e9ducation en Inde joue un grand r\u00f4le dans le d\u00e9veloppement social et \u00e9conomique du pays, avec un syst\u00e8me d\u2019enseignement primaire et secondaire qui a d\u00fb relever de gros d\u00e9fis, notamment en mati\u00e8re d\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 et de qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9ducation, mais qui a connu de belles avanc\u00e9es au fil des ann\u00e9es.L\u2019Inde a mis en place un syst\u00e8me […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":9421,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[95],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9417","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nouvelles","entry","has-media"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/enfantsdumonde.be\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9417","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/enfantsdumonde.be\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/enfantsdumonde.be\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enfantsdumonde.be\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enfantsdumonde.be\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9417"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/enfantsdumonde.be\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9417\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12575,"href":"https:\/\/enfantsdumonde.be\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9417\/revisions\/12575"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enfantsdumonde.be\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9421"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/enfantsdumonde.be\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9417"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enfantsdumonde.be\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9417"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/enfantsdumonde.be\/test\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9417"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}